Recent scholarship has highlighted the growing political divide between rural and urban areas and the rise of feelings of place-based resentment, particularly among residents of “left-behind” rural regions. Yet, the relationship between such resentment and geographic political polarization remains largely understudied. This paper explores this link by focusing on place-based (rural vs. urban) outgroup perceptions (i.e., how respondents view the outgroup) and intergroup meta-perceptions (i.e., how they think the outgroup views their ingroup). Drawing on a survey of residents of Catalonia, a region marked by strong geographic contrasts in cultural and political patterns, this study examines the content, accuracy, and correlates of perceptions and meta-perceptions of intergroup stereotypes, favorability, and ideological orientations among rural and urban dwellers. Results indicate that both groups, but especially rural residents, believe they are viewed less favorably than they actually are. By contrast, participants are considerably accurate in how they think the outgroup views their ingroup in terms of left-right positioning and center-periphery nationalism, yet both perceptions are systematically biased compared to where the groups actually stand, implying exaggerated perceptions of ideological polarization. Importantly, the evidence also suggests that perceived polarization on the nationalist (but not the left-right) dimension correlates with outgroup prejudice and resentment.